Tallest Building in The World

One of the best example of how modern architecture and 

engineering has pushed the boundaries of

what is possible and what is impossible is the Burj Khalifa, the tallest building in the world. The construction of the Burj Khalifa began on 2004 in the city of Dubai of the United Arab Emirates and completed in 2010. This massive 163 story building is estimated to have cost $1.5 billion to construct in just 6 years. The official height is of 2,717 feet, overtaking its competition by almost 800 feet. This project attracted numerous designers from around the world to a design competition. The winner of which was the Skidmore, Owings & Merrill LLP architecture firm, one of the top firms in the entire world. This is also the same company that designed the One World Trade Center in New York. The consulting design partner from this company is Adrian Smith, who was the primary designer. His designed was based of a flower common to the Middle East called Hymenocallis. Just like the flower's petals, the building begins with a solid base and breaks off sections around a central core as the height of the building increases, until leaving a narrow tip. The building also required a massive amount of work. According to the Burj Khalifa's main website it took 1,325 days since the day construction began in January, 2004 to to become the tallest free staring structure in the world. The job required over 30 different contracting companies from around the world and at peak of the construction, over 12,000 workers were on the site everyday. 

This building has received numerous awards and holds many current world records including:

• The tallest building in the world
• Tallest free-standing structure in the world
• Highest number of stories in the world
• Highest occupied floors in the world
• Highest outdoor observation deck on the world
• Elevator with the longest travel distance in the world
• Tallest service elevator in the world.

References: 

http://www.burjkhalifa.ae/en/

Potential Sources

One possible source for my final analysis paper is the blog titled a Daily Dose of Architecture. Here the writer only focuses on architecture from the state of New York but he does not only cover buildings. One post that I found very interesting is about a book titled Book of the Movement: The Working Drawing. This is a very well recognized book in the architecture community and a must have for an inspiring architect. Another possible source is a website called treehugger.com. The name of the website does exactly sound incredibly appealing, but architecture does have to incorporate the idea of protecting the environment so I guess the title goes well. Nonetheless, the information provided in this website is great. It comments on innovative designs and critiques poor ones. It also allows me to see architecture not only as buildings but more as a part of a community and as something of public interest.

One World Trade Center

There have been numerous events in U.S. history that have become unforgettable. The most recent, and most known, is the attacks of September 11, 2001. Almost 13 years have passed by and this event still seems as it happened yesterday, but this does not mean that the country as a whole has not began to move forward. The greatest example of how we as a country are overcoming this tragic event is the reconstruction of the World Trade Center in New York. This major project is not just an architectural marvel throughout its 7 different buildings and the 9/11 memorial, but, it is also a symbol of strength and revival to the entire country.

Out of these 7 buildings, the main building is known as the One World Trade Center which I will focus on today. 

The One World Trade Center, previously known as The Freedom Tower, is the center point of the World Trade Center renovation project. The tower was designed to measure 1,776 feet from the ground up to its highest point, the spire, as an allusion to the year in which the Declaration of Independence was signed. This makes it the tallest tower in the country, overtaking the Empire State Building by 526 feet, and the existing Twin Towers by 408 feet. The One World Trade Center also has 104 stories, all covered with over 2,000 pieces of glass. The building also has an unique design compared to the rest of the buildings in New York, allowing it to stand out as a beautiful new addition to the view of the city. The head architect, David Childs, designed two buildings in the World Trade Center project; the 1WTC along with the 7 WTC, which opened back in 2006. His design included the square base of the building, which then divides in to a hexagon-like shape as the structure goes up with slanted glass walls. This design, although beautiful at sight, has been criticized and believed to be the reason why ice slides from the sides, falling on to the floor potentially injuring visitors. 

The building is yet to be completed, but expected to be completed this year. Apart from being a beautiful sight to look at, once it is completed it will encourage many who are still devastated from the attacks of 9/11 on to overcoming such horrible events, and move forward. 

Brazil 2014: The Final

Undoubtedly, the most important stadium of the 2014 Brazil World Cup will be the one in which the final game will be played. Four years of preparation and planning will culminate in that last stadium. This year the chosen one is the Estadio do Maracana, in Rio de Janeiro.

This stadium was built for the 1950 World Cup that was to take place in Brazil as well. The full name is Estadio Jornalista Mario Fihno, but it is better known as Maracana. Construction for this stadium began in 1948, with a work force of well over 10,000 laborers, and finishing the entire project within two years. Originally the maximum capacity of the stadium was of 220,000 and by that time it was the biggest stadium in the world. The final of the 1950 World Cup in Brazil also took place in this stadium, in front of an official crowd of 174,000 people, in a match between Uruguay and Brazil. This stadium is not only a magnificent piece of architecture but it is also considered a historic monument in soccer history. Some of the greatest matches have taken place here, with many of the greatest soccer players in history. Over the years, original capacity has been diminished to a much safer but unfortunately low number. After the renovations for the 2014 World Cup, the capacity is of 76,804. It is still a very impressive number, but it falls short to the original 220,000 capacity, which, quite frankly seems very scary number of fans. I sure wish to visit any of these during the tournament, but I know I will not. If any of you will, please comment.

Pictures: 

http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/36/Maracanã_Stadium_in_Rio_de_Janeiro.jpg

http://www.la-razon.com/marcas/Brasil-empata-Inglaterra-final_0_1844215577.html

Brazil 2014

The year that millions of people have waited for is here; 2014. Many readers will know right away what is so special about this year, others have no idea. But, nonetheless, an event that attracts more people throughout the entire world then any other is about to happen. This event, of course, is the Fifa World Cup 2014. Hate it or love it, soccer is known to be the most popular sport in the world and attracts fans from the smallest country there is to the biggest. The Fédération Internationale de Football Association, or FIFA, has a soccer tournament every four years in which the best countries go against each other to be crowned the best soccer team in the world. This tournament is very important for architects and engineers around the world. In order to accommodate such a large number of fans, FIFA spends millions of dollars building new stadiums and improving old ones. This year, the matches of the world cup will take place in 12 different stadiums, 6 of which are completely new and built solely for the purpose of the tournament and 6 others that have been renovated. 

In this post and in the next, I intend to show my readers the two stadiums which I considered to be the most incredible.

                                                              Arena Amazonia

Almost every big stadium can be described in word; breathtaking. This is mainly due to the incredible size and enormous look of big stadiums. It is simply intimidating. Specially when this is combined with elegant designs and the latest technology. The newly built Arena Amazonia has all three, enormous size, elegance, and technology. This is a brand new 42,377 seat stadium located in Manaus, Brazil, in the middle of the Amazon Rainforest (Arena). The inspiration for the design is a straw basket, which is a product which the region is famous for (Arena). The stadium will be enclosed by a metal structure which will give it a straw-like appearance. The stadium will also help preserve its environment by collecting rainwater and using it for its toilets or for to water the pitch (Arena). The massive amount of energy typically consumed by stadiums this size will also be reduced by using the region's abundant supply of sunshine, which will be harnessed and used to generate clean and renewable energy (Arena). 

September, 2011

April, 2012

 February, 2013

June, 2013 

November, 2013

December, 2013

January, 2014

Sources: 

"Arena Amazonia: The Stadiums for the 2014 FIFA World Cup Brazil - FIFA.com."FIFA.com. FIFA, 

                     n.d. Web. 06 Feb. 2014.

Pictures: 

http://arenadaamazonia.com.br/galeria/andamento-da-obra/

What's in Washington D.C.?

As residents from Virginia, we have the luck and privilege of living right next door to what a lot call the capital of the world, D.C.. Of course, after living here many years, and anybody from Northern Virginia could agree with me one way or another, the excitement of living so close to the nation's capital slowly wears away. It simply becomes  normal, and even frustrating at times because of the ridiculous traffic, but still D.C. is home to some of the most widely known architectural wonders of the world. The first of which I suggest that anybody who truly appreciates works of art should visit is The Robert and Arlene Kogod Courtyard, better known as the Kogod Courtyard. This is not one of the most known attractions and monuments from the capital, but it is certainly worth of being include in them.


The Courtyard is a "part of two building houses: the Smithsonian's National Portrait Gallery and the Smithsonian American Art Museum" (The National). The renovation of the building began in 2001, at first only few improvements were proposed and minor changes, but in 2002 the original project was greatly expanded and new ideas were brought (The National). The biggest change was the enclosing of a simple outdoor courtyard. The challenge for the architects and engineers was to create a closed courtyard that had the same outdoor feel and look of an open courtyard (The National). The challenge was met, and in my opinion exceeded, by a group of London based architects who came up with the design for the new courtyard (The National).

The finished product is a beautiful courtyard, with small trees, bushes, and plants around its perimeter and small pools in the center, overlooked by a breath-taking ceiling unlike any other. This ceiling is the main attraction, of course, and it is a an "elegant glass canopy" which was designed to make it look as if it is floating in the air (The National). The 28,000 square feet of glass also allows daylight and nightlight to enter without any problem creating a natural look and feel allowing for many types of plants to grow freely (The National).

If you have never visited this incredible place,  then I suggest you do. I guarantee anybody will love it, and if not, there is free Wi-Fi, so no room to complain (The National). If this does motivate you to go, please comment.






















Works Cited
"The National Portrait Gallery/Museum Information/Kogod Courtyard." The National Portrait 
                 Gallery/Museum Information/Kogod Courtyard. Smithsonian, n.d. Web. 29 Jan. 2014.

The Beginnings...The Cairn de Barnenez

Maybe not every person finds Greek and Roman architecture as incredible as I find it to be. Also, Western Civilization may not be very interesting for most, and some even hated having to take that class in college, therefore I will not attempt to teach it. Instead I will simply provide a few examples of the most influential designs and buildings from the past, and explain a few things that make them unique. Here is the first.

The Cairn de Barnenez:

http://barnenez.monuments-nationaux.fr/en/

This structure is perhaps one of the earliest in the history of human kind. It dates back to around 4,000 and 3,500 B.C. during the time that is now know as the Neolithic era. To put it in perspective, that is around the time when humans had just begun to farm and was no longer nomadic. This structure is believed to be tomb and was cleverly constructed using flat and rounded stones. In my opinion it is amazing how humans, even when there was no writing system, language or identified math, were able to construct a structure so well that even 6,000 years later is still visible and standing. What do you think?